In this week's Haftarah we find that Yirmiyahu was instructed by Hashem to purchase a field from his cousin, Chanamel. The symbolism that was being demonstrated was that just as Yirmiyahu was able to purchase this field in Eretz Yisrael, so too the nation of Yisrael would once again be able to purchase land in these precious borders in the future.
Interestingly, the purchase price for the property was seven shekel and ten pieces of silver. It is also interesting to note that Hashem is referred to as the God of Hosts (Hashem Tzevakos). The word "hosts" also refers to both the angelic beings and to the celestial objects that we see in the sky. The reason is that Hashem showers His will upon the world. As it descends from the metaphysical to the physical it goes through the angelic realm, through the celestial realm and finally into this world. (See Rambam Yesodai HaTorah 3 and his letter to Marseilles) Thus, since each realm mimics the one above it, it also displays similar characteristics and terminology (this concept can be found throughout Rabbeinu Bachye's writings).
It is of note that there are seven objects that Chazal refer to as planets: the sun, moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn (these are the only objects in the sky visible to the naked eye other than the fixed stars). Each planet is described as having its own sphere/orbit and one is above the other as they get more and more distant from our planet. As such, these seven spheres are viewed as bridging this world into the higher realm above it. Rabbeinu Yosef Gikatilla mentions how the seven kabbalistic sephiros correspond to these seven spheres. In his Reishis Chachma, the Ibn Ezra shows how all of nature is symbolized in these seven spheres as they are the most physical of the celestial bodies. There is then one sphere positioned above these seven and that is perceived to contain all the regular stars. After that is the last physical sphere and that is perceived to give motion to those below it. Thus, there are a total of nine somewhat physical spheres, above that is considered the spiritual realm and sometimes referred to as the tenth sphere.
When discussing the God of Hosts power it is notable that Yirmiyahu seems to be referring to the hosts that are under His control. The seven primary spheres are perhaps referred to as the seven shekels in the sale. Only after mentioning this do we find reference to the ten pieces of silver which correspond to the structure as a whole and include all ten spheres. Hashem is moving and controlling all the forces of nature and throughout this process paving the way for Klal Yisrael to eventually return fully to her homeland and once again serve Hashem in the proper fashion.
Monday, May 9, 2011
Friday, May 6, 2011
Kuntras: Prohibitions of Magic, Superstitions, Divination, Astrology, Etc.
Baruch Hashem, my wife and I were blessed with a new son last week!!! In honor of his birth and subsequent bris I published a small kuntras on the topic of Tamim Tihyeh Im Hashem Elokecha (You Must Be Perfect With Hashem Your God). The nature of the mitzvah is specific to stay away from certain forms of Avodah Zarah practices, astrology, superstition, magic, and divination of the future. The Rambam mentions that it was this specific mitzvah that Avraham was informed of when he gave himself a bris (hence the publication in honor of my son's bris). Additionally, Rabbeinu Yehuda ben HaRosh mentions that it is due to the lack of adherence to this mitzvah that the redemption has not yet occurred and that this mitzvah expresses the essence of the Torah in its entirety. One needs to ask why this is true. In order to do so I have written a detailed analysis of the prohibitions included in this mitzvah and assert an answer to this question at the end of this publication. Due to the fact that included in this mitzvah is a prohibition of certain forms of astrological prediction (according to some), I felt it appropriate to share with all those interested in this blog. For the full text of this work please click here.
Wednesday, April 13, 2011
Yom Kippur in Nisan
In this week's Parsha we are taught that Aharon was prohibited from entering the Holy of Holies at any time of his desire. Rather, he was only to enter on Yom Kippur and with the prescribed service that is mentioned. The question one might ask is why would Aharon think to enter at a different time, for what purpose would he be going in?
Rav Yehonasan Eibshitz offers the following understanding of this segment of the Torah. Yom Kippur is the tenth of the month of Tishrei which is the month in which the world was created. However, the Gemara mentions that Rebbi Yehoshua's position is that the world was actually created in Nisan and not Tishrei. If so, one could have thought that it is necessary to enter the Holy of Holies and perform that Yom Kippur service on the tenth of Nisan, as well. Therefore, the Torah specifies that it is only in Tishrei that the service is to be performed. Part of the reason for this is that on the first day that the Mishkan was erected (which was in Nisan), Nadav and Avihu died. Their death, recorded at the beginning of this week's Parsha, is considered to bring atonement as the death of the righteous brings atonement. Thus, their death is in lieu of a the Yom Kippur service that would have been performed later that month. (Tiferes Yehonasan)
Interestingly, on the tenth of the month of Nisan, which would be the Yom Kippur, Bnai Yisrael did experience a miraculous event. That was the day that they took their first Korbon Pesach in Mitzrayim many years ago. It is for that event that many have suggested that this week is called Shabbos HaGadol.
Rav Yehonasan Eibshitz offers the following understanding of this segment of the Torah. Yom Kippur is the tenth of the month of Tishrei which is the month in which the world was created. However, the Gemara mentions that Rebbi Yehoshua's position is that the world was actually created in Nisan and not Tishrei. If so, one could have thought that it is necessary to enter the Holy of Holies and perform that Yom Kippur service on the tenth of Nisan, as well. Therefore, the Torah specifies that it is only in Tishrei that the service is to be performed. Part of the reason for this is that on the first day that the Mishkan was erected (which was in Nisan), Nadav and Avihu died. Their death, recorded at the beginning of this week's Parsha, is considered to bring atonement as the death of the righteous brings atonement. Thus, their death is in lieu of a the Yom Kippur service that would have been performed later that month. (Tiferes Yehonasan)
Interestingly, on the tenth of the month of Nisan, which would be the Yom Kippur, Bnai Yisrael did experience a miraculous event. That was the day that they took their first Korbon Pesach in Mitzrayim many years ago. It is for that event that many have suggested that this week is called Shabbos HaGadol.
Thursday, March 31, 2011
The Twilight Zone
Although it may not feel like it, spring has begun. The days and nights have become more equal in length and Pesach is approaching fast. This got me thinking a little bit about something about spring that many do not realize.
Most people are familiar with the fact that the days are longest in the summer, shortest in the winter, and medium sized in the spring and autumn. Because of this, it is generally assumed that the length of twilight follows the same general schedule. This, however, is not the case. The longest twilights are in the summer, but the shortest are in the spring and autumn and the winter has the more medium length twilight periods.
The evening twilight is a transition period between day and night. From a halachic perspective, part of this time is not known whether it is day or night and is treated as if it were both. It is somewhat interesting to see that it is during the fall and spring that this transition period is most brief. Spring and autumn posses a similar quality. They are both similar in weather and are often viewed as being the transition periods between the cold season to warm and vice versa.
It was also during the springtime that Klal Yisrael transitioned from being a group of slaves and emerged into a nation. The transition of spring is one of development and growth, both of produce and of our nation. Perhaps, twilight is shortest at this time in order for us to recognize that the transition into being a better and more complete person or nation does not always take a very long time. We were able to achieve the status of angels and stand at the foot of Har Sinai a mere forty-nine days after leaving Egypt as a bunch of low class slaves! Perhaps we can learn from the brief twilights of spring that although sometimes we see personal growth as a long and arduous process, if one puts all of his efforts into it then he will develop much more quickly then originally thought.
Most people are familiar with the fact that the days are longest in the summer, shortest in the winter, and medium sized in the spring and autumn. Because of this, it is generally assumed that the length of twilight follows the same general schedule. This, however, is not the case. The longest twilights are in the summer, but the shortest are in the spring and autumn and the winter has the more medium length twilight periods.
The evening twilight is a transition period between day and night. From a halachic perspective, part of this time is not known whether it is day or night and is treated as if it were both. It is somewhat interesting to see that it is during the fall and spring that this transition period is most brief. Spring and autumn posses a similar quality. They are both similar in weather and are often viewed as being the transition periods between the cold season to warm and vice versa.
It was also during the springtime that Klal Yisrael transitioned from being a group of slaves and emerged into a nation. The transition of spring is one of development and growth, both of produce and of our nation. Perhaps, twilight is shortest at this time in order for us to recognize that the transition into being a better and more complete person or nation does not always take a very long time. We were able to achieve the status of angels and stand at the foot of Har Sinai a mere forty-nine days after leaving Egypt as a bunch of low class slaves! Perhaps we can learn from the brief twilights of spring that although sometimes we see personal growth as a long and arduous process, if one puts all of his efforts into it then he will develop much more quickly then originally thought.
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
The Sin of the Golden Sheep
Aharon was commanded to bring a calf and a ram as sacrifices as part of the dedication service for the Mishkan. Rashi teaches that the calf was to display that Hashem had forgiven Aharon for his participation in the Golden Calf. While it is possible that the ram had nothing to do with this sin, it is interesting to note that it is grouped with the calf seemingly displaying some sort of connection between the two.
Perhaps, the ram also displayed some element of the Golden Calf and it too was a display of Hashem's forgiveness and compassion. The Rema, in his Toras HaOlah, teaches that part of what Klal Yisrael were trying to do with the Golden Calf was to tap into the astrological forces symbolized in T'leh, the Ram, and Shor, the Ox. These two signs are those of Nisan and Iyar and historically these items have been worshiped or used for worshiping others. The reason, says the Rema, is that the spring is a time when growth and development occurs and, as such, displays the idea of bracha occurring. Naturally people want to "tap into" this concept and unfortunately served items that they felt displayed the concepts of spring.
The Rema continues to state that Klal Yisrael wanted to capture the essence of both of these signs so they took a calf. The calf is a young Shor and thus displays the qualities of that mazal, and while it is young and fragile is also reminiscent of a small sheep. So, in addition to Shor, T'leh was also represented in that famous sin. Perhaps, the ram that Aharon offered was also displaying this other element of that very sin of the Golden Calf. In addition to the calf of Shor, he also had a ram which is symbolic of T'leh.
Perhaps, the ram also displayed some element of the Golden Calf and it too was a display of Hashem's forgiveness and compassion. The Rema, in his Toras HaOlah, teaches that part of what Klal Yisrael were trying to do with the Golden Calf was to tap into the astrological forces symbolized in T'leh, the Ram, and Shor, the Ox. These two signs are those of Nisan and Iyar and historically these items have been worshiped or used for worshiping others. The reason, says the Rema, is that the spring is a time when growth and development occurs and, as such, displays the idea of bracha occurring. Naturally people want to "tap into" this concept and unfortunately served items that they felt displayed the concepts of spring.
The Rema continues to state that Klal Yisrael wanted to capture the essence of both of these signs so they took a calf. The calf is a young Shor and thus displays the qualities of that mazal, and while it is young and fragile is also reminiscent of a small sheep. So, in addition to Shor, T'leh was also represented in that famous sin. Perhaps, the ram that Aharon offered was also displaying this other element of that very sin of the Golden Calf. In addition to the calf of Shor, he also had a ram which is symbolic of T'leh.
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
War of the Planets
Last year around Purim time I mentioned the fact that Esther is compared to many different celestial objects by various sources. Included in this list was the Moon, Venus and a star in the Pleiades star cluster. For more please click here.
I wanted to add one thought this year from Rabbeinu Bachye. Rabbeinu Bachye mentions how all the worldly events are reflected by the seven ancient planets (Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) and their movements. Of these two are primarily luminaries, the Sun and the Moon. Two of them portend evil and those are Saturn and Mars. Two of them signify benevolence and those are Venus and Jupiter. Lastly, Mercury is somewhat neutral affecting good in a good way and bad in a bad way. Based on various methods of analysis Rabbeinu Bachye displays how Achashveirosh was symbolic of Saturn and Haman of Mars, thus the two evil planets can be seen seeking destruction. Mordechai was symbolic of Venus and Esther of Jupiter (this was not mentioned last year) and thus the benevolent stars are expressed.The struggle throughout the Megillah is symbolic of the overall struggle of good versus evil. (Rabbeinu Bachye Kad HaKemach Purim; Please look it up because I know I am not doing it justice by typing it in such a brief post and without much of the explanation)
Although he did not mention it, perhaps by using the overall method one can assert that Charvonah was Mercury as he switched from bad to good. It all depended on the situation.
Another point that I wanted to point out is that according to Rashi Esther is somewhat symbolic of the Moon. (Rashi Megillah 13a) Obviously Purim always falls on the 14 and 15 of the month which is when the Moon is becoming its fullest. This month's full Moon might look especially big to some because the Moon is at its closest to Earth in 18 years.
I wanted to add one thought this year from Rabbeinu Bachye. Rabbeinu Bachye mentions how all the worldly events are reflected by the seven ancient planets (Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) and their movements. Of these two are primarily luminaries, the Sun and the Moon. Two of them portend evil and those are Saturn and Mars. Two of them signify benevolence and those are Venus and Jupiter. Lastly, Mercury is somewhat neutral affecting good in a good way and bad in a bad way. Based on various methods of analysis Rabbeinu Bachye displays how Achashveirosh was symbolic of Saturn and Haman of Mars, thus the two evil planets can be seen seeking destruction. Mordechai was symbolic of Venus and Esther of Jupiter (this was not mentioned last year) and thus the benevolent stars are expressed.The struggle throughout the Megillah is symbolic of the overall struggle of good versus evil. (Rabbeinu Bachye Kad HaKemach Purim; Please look it up because I know I am not doing it justice by typing it in such a brief post and without much of the explanation)
Although he did not mention it, perhaps by using the overall method one can assert that Charvonah was Mercury as he switched from bad to good. It all depended on the situation.
Another point that I wanted to point out is that according to Rashi Esther is somewhat symbolic of the Moon. (Rashi Megillah 13a) Obviously Purim always falls on the 14 and 15 of the month which is when the Moon is becoming its fullest. This month's full Moon might look especially big to some because the Moon is at its closest to Earth in 18 years.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Day Night Day No Night
Parshas VaYikra primarily discusses many of the sacrifices that were brought in the Beis Hamikdash. (Shameless plug - I would encourage all to see Maseches Zevachim for detailed information about the sacrifices and ESPECIALLY to see my commentary on Zevachim in my sefer Tiferes Aryeh on Zevachim) One of the sacrifices is referred to as a Korbon Shelamim. The Korbon Shelamim is unique in that a portion is eaten by the owner of the sacrifice and the edible portions can be eaten for two days and the night in between. Most other korbonos are only eaten by the kohanim and only for a day and a night. The exceptions are the Korbon Olah of which nothing is eaten, and the Korbon Pesach which is not able to be eaten on the first day and only on the night afterwards. (See Zevachim chapter 5 for more details and also regarding the permissibility to eat non-Shelamim korbonos after midnight)
In his Toras HaOlah, the Rema informs us of much of the meaning behind the nuances of the Korbon Shelamim. The Rema maintains that this korbon demonstrates perfection and should therefore only be brought by very holy people. The name Shelamim means perfected and the reason the owner is allowed a piece of the animal to eat is because he is effectively stating that he is a perfected person and therefore capable of making a pact with Hashem by sharing a korbon. This, says the Rema, is why the only time we find a communal Shelamim is on Shavuos. Throughout the year we do not view the community in its entirety as being perfected since there are many sinners within our midst. However, Shavuos commemorates the time when we stood at Sinai like perfected angels and made a pact with Hashem to keep His Torah.
Rav Yaakov Kaminetsky zt"l suggests that prior to Matan Torah the day was considered to have started at daybreak and night followed the day. At Sinai when we accepted the Torah Hashem reversed the order and since then we begin our day with nightfall. (Also see Rashbam Bereishis and Seder Zemanim of Rav Y.I. Chaver zt"l) Korbonos, in general, have the night following the day since the korbon is eaten through the night that follows the day of its offering. This, says Rav Kaminetsky, reflects the idea that korbonos are a basic function of human existence and they preceded Matan Torah. They reflect a pre-Matan Torah concept and, therefore, they follow the order of the world of day prior to night as it was during Creation. (Emes LeYaakov Shemos 12:10)
The Shelamim shows the progression of man as he starts in the pre-Matan Torah world and elevates himself to the level of the world after the Torah was given. The korbon starts with day preceding night as it is offered in the daytime and able to be eaten then and through the night that follows. However, the Torah then allows the individual the following day, until sunset, to continue eating the korbon. Perhaps, since we are talking about a perfected person, he now is able to display night preceding day and he therefore continues into the next day and has his korbon end at the end of the new style day, at sunset. He displays a world of Torah and mitzvos and therefore his day ends at nightfall.
This can also shed some light as to why there is an opinion in the Gemara that states that only members of Klal Yisrael can bring a Shelamim.
In his Toras HaOlah, the Rema informs us of much of the meaning behind the nuances of the Korbon Shelamim. The Rema maintains that this korbon demonstrates perfection and should therefore only be brought by very holy people. The name Shelamim means perfected and the reason the owner is allowed a piece of the animal to eat is because he is effectively stating that he is a perfected person and therefore capable of making a pact with Hashem by sharing a korbon. This, says the Rema, is why the only time we find a communal Shelamim is on Shavuos. Throughout the year we do not view the community in its entirety as being perfected since there are many sinners within our midst. However, Shavuos commemorates the time when we stood at Sinai like perfected angels and made a pact with Hashem to keep His Torah.
Rav Yaakov Kaminetsky zt"l suggests that prior to Matan Torah the day was considered to have started at daybreak and night followed the day. At Sinai when we accepted the Torah Hashem reversed the order and since then we begin our day with nightfall. (Also see Rashbam Bereishis and Seder Zemanim of Rav Y.I. Chaver zt"l) Korbonos, in general, have the night following the day since the korbon is eaten through the night that follows the day of its offering. This, says Rav Kaminetsky, reflects the idea that korbonos are a basic function of human existence and they preceded Matan Torah. They reflect a pre-Matan Torah concept and, therefore, they follow the order of the world of day prior to night as it was during Creation. (Emes LeYaakov Shemos 12:10)
The Shelamim shows the progression of man as he starts in the pre-Matan Torah world and elevates himself to the level of the world after the Torah was given. The korbon starts with day preceding night as it is offered in the daytime and able to be eaten then and through the night that follows. However, the Torah then allows the individual the following day, until sunset, to continue eating the korbon. Perhaps, since we are talking about a perfected person, he now is able to display night preceding day and he therefore continues into the next day and has his korbon end at the end of the new style day, at sunset. He displays a world of Torah and mitzvos and therefore his day ends at nightfall.
This can also shed some light as to why there is an opinion in the Gemara that states that only members of Klal Yisrael can bring a Shelamim.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
